Glucose Responsiveness of β-Cells Depends on Fatty
                    Acids

Felicia Gerst; Christine Singer; Katja Noack; Dunia Graf; Gabriele Kaiser; Madhura Panse; Marketa Kovarova; Erwin Schleicher; Hans-Ulrich Häring; Gisela Drews; Susanne Ullrich

doi:10.1055/a-0884-2919

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes, Inhaltsverzeichnis

Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2020; 128(10): 644-653
DOI: 10.1055/a-0884-2919

Article

Glucose Responsiveness of β-Cells Depends on Fatty Acids

Felicia Gerst

¹Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany

²Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany

³German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)

,

Christine Singer

¹Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany

,

Katja Noack

⁴Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany

,

Dunia Graf

⁴Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany

,

Gabriele Kaiser

¹Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany

²Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany

³German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)

,

Madhura Panse

²Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany

,

Marketa Kovarova

²Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany

,

Erwin Schleicher

¹Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany

²Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany

³German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)

,

Hans-Ulrich Häring

¹Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany

²Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany

³German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)

,

Gisela Drews

⁴Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany

,

Susanne Ullrich

¹Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany

²Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany

³German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)

› Institutsangaben

Abstract

Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) is the gold standard for β-cell function. Both experimental and clinical diabetology, i. e., preceding transplantation of isolated human islets, depend on functional testing. However, multiple factors influence GSIS rendering the comparison of different in vitro tests of glucose responsiveness difficult. This study examined the influence of bovine serum albumin (BSA)-coupled fatty acids on GSIS. Isolated islet preparations of human donors and of 12-months old mice displayed impaired GSIS in the presence of 0.5% FFA-free BSA compared to 0.5% BSA (fraction V, not deprived from fatty acids). In aged INS-1E cells, i. e. at a high passage number, GSIS became highly sensitive to FFA-free BSA. Readdition of 30 µM palmitate or 30 µM oleate to FFA-free BSA did not rescue GSIS, while the addition of 100 µM palmitate and the raise of extracellular Ca²⁺from 1.3 to 2.6 mM improved glucose responsiveness. A high concentration of palmitate (600 µM), which fully activates FFA1, largely restored insulin secretion. The FFA1-agonist TUG-469 also increased insulin secretion but to a lesser extent than palmitate. Glucose- and TUG-induced Ca²⁺oscillations were impaired in glucose-unresponsive, i. e., aged INS-1E cells. These results suggest that fatty acid deprivation (FFA-free BSA) impairs GSIS mainly through an effect on Ca²⁺sensitivity.

Key words

insulin secretion - fatty acids - albumin - glucose responsiveness

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